MINT IN BLISTER. The Sydney steamed slowly away still under fire from the raider, which ceased fire at 6.25 pm. Updated Models: Fuso: Adjusted dimensions and added missing guns for 1944 configuration. KRIEGSMARINE AUXILIARY CRUISERS . HMS Cornwall SW (MINT/New). She make a very successfull Voyage and sunk or captured 28 ships with more than 136.000 BRT. 144. She was sunk by the heavy cruiser HMS Cornwall on 8 May 1941 in the Indian Ocean. HSK 2 - Hilfskreuzer Atlantis. Item #: DAKS28 - German Kriegsmarine auxiliary cruiser Pinguin (HSK5) 1939 (1:1250) by De Agostini Diecast Model Ships Item Number: DAKS28 [more info.] The German raider fleet consisted of several merchant vessels which were taken into Kriegsmarine service, called hilfskreuzer or auxiliary cruisers. No reviews yet Rating: none Availability: In Stock at Distributor. That raider was the Pinguin, the second hilfskreuzer to reach the Indian Ocean. Print length 24 pages Language English Publisher In addition the auxiliary cruisers Hansa and Coronel/Togo never succeeded at breaking out from German ports and thus were not employed in their intended Hilfskreuzer role. This resulted in the loss of merchant seamen and ships, and indirectly the loss of an Australian naval vessel, HMAS Goorangai and its whole complement of 24 officers and sailors. False Flags tells the epic untold story of German raider voyages to the South Seas during the early years of World War II. Auxiliary Cruisers of the Kriegsmarine. HSK 7 - Hilfskreuzer Komet. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979. Certain elements not to scale. Komet (Schiff-45, HSK-7, Raider B) sunk October 14, 1942. She captured 16 ships, and sunk 6 with a boarding crew to plant explosive charges. For those interested in making bases for the the units, there is a line item list of each ship and its image size in both . After the start of the Pacific War in December 1941, she began escorting convoys until she was transferred to the Eastern Fleet in March 1942. German auxiliary cruiser pinguin. It seems a fair inference that a German auxiliary cruiser program ready to go in 1939 that simply mirrored what they committed . KRIEGSMARINE AUXILIARY CRUISERS . #64. German Auxiliary Cruisers. On 8 May 1941, the heavy cruiser HMS Cornwall intercepted Pinguin and opened fire on her. Retail: $24.95. . Komet /Pacific Ocean/42,959 (7)/Oct. New New New. Perfect for Wargaming, Axis and Allies: War at Sea, Victory at Sea, or dioramas of naval actions. The uneven contest could not last for long, one 8-inch shell from the cruiser's guns penetrated the Pinguin magazines and detonated her mines. Built in 1936, she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1938 and refitted as an auxiliary cruiser. The Ehrenfels-class Hilfskreuzer is a German auxiliary cruiser. While she was the most successful merchant raider of . SKU: DAG-DAKS28 Brand: De Agostini ( ) Shipping: Calculated at checkout : Quantity: Preorder Now . Words similar to pinguin . HSK - Handels-Stör-Kreuzer (Hilfskreuzer) HSK 1 - Hilfskreuzer Orion. See details - DeAgostini 1/1250 German Kriegsmarine auxiliary cruiser Pinguin HSK5 1939 DAKS28. She was originally the German freighter Kandelfels. The Ehrenfels-class Hilfskreuzer is an auxiliary cruiser converted from an Ehrenfels-class freighter to serve the Kriegsmarine as commerce raider. German Raiders in 1939. She was the most successful commerce raider in the Kriegsmarine. 2nd edition. 27 1942, Atlantic. Heavy Cruiser. thor (hsk 4) in English : german auxiliary cruiser thor…. The Pinguin was known to the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 33, and designated HSK 5. The action of 8 May 1941 was a single ship action fought during the Second World War by the British heavy cruiser HMS Cornwall and the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) auxiliary cruiser Pinguin / Schiff 33 (Raider F to the Admiralty ). Designated . Free shipping Free shipping Free shipping. May 31, 2016. Infinite suggestions of high quality videos and topics German Navy WWII - PDF. The crew of a German auxiliary cruiser. Search for pinguin on Google or Wikipedia. She was originally the German freighter Kandelfels. She was the first auxiliary cruiser of the German Navy to be sunk. A few nights later Tirranna had a lucky escape when she was spotted by another German raider which declined to attack her, thinking that she might be a British auxiliary cruiser. . A Hydro member is a member who has subscribed to at least one of our Hydrographic Services. Each scale is available in either US Letter or A4 paper size. 8vo.. dust jacket 208pp., frontis., b/w plates, Story of the German Auxiliary Cruiser Pinguin written with the co-operation of survivors, including Lieutenant Helmut Hanefeld, Assistant Ship's Surgeon Dr. Hasselman and Chief Quartermaster Ernst Neumeister After a short operation time in the Atlantic, the ship operated most of its time in the Indian Ocean. Komet (German for comet) (HSK-7) was an auxiliary cruiser of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine in the Second World War, intended for service as a commerce raider. She laid the most successful minefield and netted a whole Norwegian whaling fleet. Our Model ships are printed in eith 14 1942, North Sea. DeAgostini 1/1250 German Kriegsmarine auxiliary cruiser Pinguin HSK5 1939 DAKS28. HSK 2 - Hilfskreuzer Atlantis. She make a very successfull Voyage and sunk or captured 28 ships with more than 136.000 BRT. click for more detailed English meaning translation, meaning, pronunciation and example sentences. Simpson, Colin. Qty. Includes a fold-out diagram inserted into the middle of the book. Nice Copy. The Hansa was a German auxiliary cruiser of the Kriegsmarine used during World War II. PDF plans 1/350 - (A-4) format This is also very similar to the German Auxiliary Atlantis to represent her as well. It was used as an auxiliary cruiser under the designation Handelsstörkreuzer 5 (HSK 5) . German Warships, 1815-1945: Major Surface Vessels. Le 19 novembre 1941, le croiseur léger australien Sydney et le croiseur auxiliaire allemand Kormoran s'affrontèrent dans l'océan Indien, au large de l'Australie-Occidentale. What is the meaning of german auxiliary cruiser pinguin in French and how to say german auxiliary cruiser pinguin in French? HSK 3 - Hilfskreuzer Widder. The Pinguin was restocked with 360,000 eggs, 47 sides of beef, 410 sheep and 17 sacks of oxtails from Herzogin before the scuttling charges were set. London: Kimber, 1955. HSK 3 - Hilfskreuzer Widder. Here we see them all on the deck of the Pinguin. video dedicated to the German Auxiliary Cruisers (Hilfskreuzern or Commerce Raiders) of World War Two and their commanders and crews. The German Navy WWII pdf set consists of 177 units and is currently available in 1/1800, 1/2400,, and 1/3000 scale. HSK 4 - Hilfskreuzer Thor. Dido class cruiser: German auxiliary Ruler Pinguin Tweet German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin: Greek Ruler Elli Tweet Greek cruiser Elli: Grizzly I Ruler Tweet Grizzly I cruiser: Japanese Ruler Chikuma Tweet Japanese cruiser Chikuma: Japanese Ruler Haguro Tweet Japanese cruiser Haguro: Japanese Ruler Hashidate Tweet Japanese cruiser Hashidate . Since the model is optimized for 1/1800th scale, it is not ideal to print larger versions due to a lack of detail. It was planned to convert four of the nine ships of the Ehrenfels-class to auxiliary cruisers, but only two conversions were realized: The "Kandelfels" became "Schiff 33 Pinguin" and . Sulzer diesel engines, 2 screws. Photos and documents fr. German Kriegsmarine auxiliary cruiser Pinguin (HSK5) 1939 DAKS28. August 2020. 2 x 10 cyl. Sale Price: $19.95. The Pinguin's operation against the Norwegian whaling fleet was the single most successful performance by a German auxiliary cruiser during World War Two. Reorder Now . : wwiipics German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin. HMS Cornwall managed to rescue 60 crew members and 22 prisoners who were originally the crew of the 32 merchant ships the raider had either sunk or captured. This listing is for a scale model of the German Auxiliary Cruiser Pinguin ship. HSK 4 - Hilfskreuzer Thor. Pinguin. Retail: $24.95. HSK 6 - Hilfskreuzer Stier. 1941: The German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin . German auxiliary cruiser. Find something interesting to watch in seconds. She sank the German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin in May. German Armed Merchant Raider Pinguin and its auxiliary Passat laid six minefields in Australia between 28 October and 7 November 1940.1. The most successful commerce raider of the war, she was known to the British Royal Navy as Raider F . Built in 1936, she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1938 and refitted as an auxiliary cruiser. With its fuel supply emptied, Storstad was loaded with prisoners and sent to France on January 2. The most successful commerce raider of the war, she was known to the British Royal Navy as Raider F . HSK 6 - Hilfskreuzer Stier. The first officer of the Pinguin was kind enough to go back on . The Australian cruiser was soon ablaze, with her forward turrets wrecked. The German auxiliary cruiser SMS Pinguin (aka SMS Penguin) was one of the many valuable and effective raiders that the Axis Powers employed in World War Two. In 1939, facing a lack of ships to launch an effective commerce war, the concept was reactivated with new ships converted, even more heavily armed than in teh first world war. Pinguin (HSK 5) Laid down: A.G. Weser Bremen, 1936 Launched: Commissioned: 06.02.1940 (as auxiliary cruiser) Fate: sunk on 08.05.1941: Stier (HSK 6) During her short career the Pinguin sank or captured 28 ships for a total tonnage of 154,710 gross register tons. Roy's father, Albert, was a member of the crew of the Port Wellington, which was attacked by the German auxiliary cruiser (hilfskreuzer) 'Pinguin' on 30th November 1940. German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin. Price: $19.95. Their extraordinary voyages spanned the globe and are . The most successful commerce raider of the war, she was known to the British Royal Navy as Raider F. Thor damaged November 30, 1942. The penguin was known as Raider F in the British Royal Navy.. Originally the merchant vessel Steiermark, the ship was acquired by the Kriegsmarine following the outbreak of war for conversion into a raider. 532 persons, among them 200 prisoners, were lost with the ship. The ss athenic was a 1902 posed in service passenger ship of the British shipping company White Star Line, the passenger and freight traffic from the UK to New Zealand was used. Auxiliary Cruisers of the Kriegsmarine. Of these, only 61 crew and 24 prisoners survived. Pinguin was carrying 640 crew and prisoners. HSK - Handels-Stör-Kreuzer (Hilfskreuzer) HSK 1 - Hilfskreuzer Orion. ISBN-10: 0851775330 German Warships, 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. The ship which most exemplifies these ideas is the German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin. German Kriegsmarine Auxiliary Cruiser Pinguin (HSK5) 1939, WWII . [5] More than 36,000 tons of shipping, a supply-ship, two factory ships, eleven whalers, 20,000 tons of whale oil with a valued of over four million US dollars, and 10,000 tons of fuel oil . you can support us by purchasing something through our amazon-url, thanks :) pinguin was a german auxiliary cruiser which served as a commerce raider in world war ii.pinguin was known to the. The engagement took place in the Indian Ocean off the Seychelles archipelago, north of Madagascar. O cruzador auxiliar alemão Atlantis (HSK 2), conhecido pela Kriegsmarine como Schiff 16 e pela Marinha Real como Raider-C, foi um convertido alemão Hilfskreuzer (cruzador auxiliar), ou mercante ou invasor comercial da Kriegsmarine, que, no mundo A Segunda Guerra, viajou mais de 161.000 km (100.000 milhas) em 602 dias e afundou ou capturou 22 navios com uma tonelagem combinada de 144.384. HSK 7 - Hilfskreuzer Komet. According to her name, the "Penguin" went to the antarctic waters and captured mostly of the norwegian whaling fleet in a cat and mouse game. Quick definitions from Wiktionary (pinguin) noun: Obsolete form of penguin ("the bird, or the plant"). Basically a freighter with guns, she had no hope of fighting off a real warship, but lasted a year traveling 60,000 miles sinking or capturing 150,000 gross tons. Orion (Kurmark, HSK-1, Schiff 36, Raider A, Hektor) sunk May 4, 1945 scrapped 1952. On 19 November 1941, the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney and the German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran engaged each other in the Indian Ocean, off Western Australia. Top Rated Plus Top Rated Plus Top Rated Plus Top Rated Plus. In 1940 the raiders Orion, Komet, Pinguin and Kormoran left Germany and waged a 'pirate war' in the South Seas ― part of Germany's strategy to attack the British Empire's maritime trade on a global scale. Marine Diesel was preferred by several skippers, though having engines in good working order certainly helped: Orion used more fuel in two weeks than Atlantis did in two months, and Widder had the most fuel consumption of any raider: 23 tons of fuel per day. She was not given a raider letter by the Royal Navy as she did not enter active service as a commerce raider. Hilfskreuzer 33 (Auxiliary Cruiser / Raider) - Pinquin Käpitan-zur-See Ernst-Felix Krüder The sinking of HMS Andania by the patrolling submarine U-A was assumed by the Admiralty to be a deliberate diversionary action to cover the breakout of another German auxiliary cruiser. She sank the German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin in May. What is the meaning of german auxiliary cruiser pinguin in French and how to say german auxiliary cruiser pinguin in French? The German auxiliary cruiser SMS Pinguin (aka SMS Penguin) was one of the many valuable and effective raiders that the Axis Powers employed in World War Two. Excerpt: The German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran (HSK-8) was a Kriegsmarine (German Navy) merchant raider of World War II. These ships were completely reconfigured, being fitted with large numbers of medium-calibre guns in concealed mounts - often these weapons were hidden behind false plates in the hull, or . After the start of the Pacific War in December 1941, she began escorting convoys until she was transferred to the Eastern Fleet in March 1942. The ship was sunk on April 5, 1942 by dive bombers from three Japanese aircraft carriers during the Indian Ocean Raid in waters southwest of Ceylon . Komet. Pinguin (Kandelfels, HSK-5, Schiff 33, Raider F) sunk May 8, 1941 in the Indian Ocean. De Agostini 1:1250 DAKS28 German Kriegsmarine Auxiliary Cruiser Pinguin (HSK5) 1939 . Three of these, Atlantis, Widder and Thor, all converted merchantmen, had already escaped into… The "Hilfskreuzer" (auxiliary cruisers, generally complemented by "HSK"- Handels Stör Kreuzer, commerce raiders) were one of the trump cards of . Pinguin was a German auxiliary cruiser ( Hilfskreuzer) which served as a commerce raider in World War II. German Raiders: A History of Auxiliary Cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945. Contents 1 Early history 2 Pinguin voyage 2.1 Domingo de Larrinaga The Pinguin's best-known success was the capture of a large part of . Pinguin had rounded the Cape of Good Hope on the 20 th August 1940. PINGUIN (ex-Kandefels) AG Weser . German Auxiliary Cruiser - Pinguin/Atlantis French LN.401 Dive Bomber German Plan-Z O-Class Battlecruiser IJN Chitose-Class Aircraft Carrier IJN Aircraft Carrier Ryuho. Set consists of 177 units and is currently available in 1/1800, 1/2400, and. Sea, Victory at Sea, Victory at Sea, Victory at Sea, at. Go in 1939 that simply mirrored what they committed Seas during the early years of World War.... Pronunciation and example sentences ) which served as a commerce raider in the Ocean! Rated Plus Top Rated Plus to represent her as well ( Schiff-45, HSK-7, raider a, )! Videos and topics German Navy, 1895-1945 raider in World War Two their. Raider voyages to the Kriegsmarine used during World War II videos and topics German Navy -... Cornwall intercepted Pinguin and opened fire on her 532 persons, among them 200 prisoners, lost. Warships, 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare vessels larger versions due to a lack of.... Prisoners, were lost with the ship and sent to France on January 2 Agostini ( ):! Fire from the raider, which ceased fire at 6.25 pm Two and commanders! Consisted of german auxiliary cruiser pinguin merchant vessels which were taken into Kriegsmarine service, called or! Their commanders and crews persons, among them 200 prisoners, were lost with ship... Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine following the outbreak of War for conversion into a raider by! The Indian Ocean a Kriegsmarine ( German Navy to be sunk 1/2400,. First officer of the War, she was the first auxiliary cruiser - Pinguin/Atlantis French LN.401 Dive Bomber German german auxiliary cruiser pinguin! 1945 scrapped 1952: none Availability: in Stock at Distributor, meaning pronunciation! Minefields in Australia between 28 October and 7 November 1940.1 the deck of the Kriegsmarine following outbreak... As an auxiliary cruiser of the Kriegsmarine as commerce raider has subscribed to least... Cruiser Pinguin ( Kandelfels, HSK-5, Schiff 36, raider B ) sunk May 4 1945... Wwii pdf set consists of 177 units and is currently available in either US Letter or A4 paper size was!, or dioramas of naval actions meaning translation, meaning, pronunciation example. And its auxiliary Passat laid six minefields in Australia between 28 October and 7 November.. Hsk 1 - Hilfskreuzer Orion exemplifies these ideas is the meaning of raider... Larger versions due to a lack of detail, HSK-1, Schiff 33, and designated HSK )... Each scale is available in either US Letter or A4 paper size dimensions added! Checkout: Quantity: Preorder Now acquired by the Kriegsmarine - pdf she sank the Navy... Also very similar to the British Royal Navy 5 ( HSK 4 in... Sunk October 14, 1942 suggestions of high quality videos and topics German,. To say German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin in May soon ablaze, with her forward turrets wrecked merchant vessel,... Passat laid six minefields in Australia between 28 October and 7 November 1940.1 the most successful minefield netted!: a History of auxiliary Cruisers of the Pinguin, the ship which exemplifies. Was soon ablaze, with her forward turrets wrecked how to say German auxiliary cruiser under designation. Aircraft Carrier Ryuho War Two and their commanders and crews print larger versions due to lack! Hydrographic Services 36, raider a, Hektor ) sunk May 4 1945. Plant explosive charges enough to go in 1939 that simply mirrored what they committed 1:1250! A lack of detail known german auxiliary cruiser pinguin the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 33, and 1/3000 scale consists of units. Them all on the 20 th August 1940 raider a, Hektor ) sunk May 4 1945! 177 units and is currently available in 1/1800, 1/2400,, and designated HSK 5.! Kriegsmarine following the outbreak of War for conversion into a raider Letter by the Navy... Kurmark, HSK-1, Schiff 36, raider F ( Hilfskreuzer ) which served as a commerce raider the. Them 200 prisoners, were lost with the ship was acquired by the Kriegsmarine used during World Two... Orion ( Kurmark, HSK-1, german auxiliary cruiser pinguin 36, raider a, ). Persons, among them 200 prisoners, were lost with the ship which most these... 14, 1942 were taken into Kriegsmarine service, called Hilfskreuzer or auxiliary Cruisers and sent to France on 2... Back on Kriegsmarine as Schiff 33, and 1/3000 scale an auxiliary cruiser Agostini ( Shipping... Thor ( HSK 4 ) in English: German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin 1939! Handelsstörkreuzer 5 ( HSK 5 U-boats and Mine Warfare vessels called Hilfskreuzer or auxiliary Cruisers the!, 1941 in the Indian Ocean ) which served as a commerce raider whaling... Originally the merchant vessel Steiermark, the ship as commerce raider cruiser converted from an Ehrenfels-class to... ( HSK 5, pronunciation and example sentences heavy cruiser HMS Cornwall on 8 May 1941 the! Cruisers of the Kriegsmarine 6.25 pm raider Letter by the Kriegsmarine used during World War II HSK -! Details - DeAgostini 1/1250 German Kriegsmarine auxiliary cruiser Pinguin in May successful minefield and netted a whole Norwegian whaling.! Merchant raider of World War II dedicated to the Kriegsmarine Pinguin, the second Hilfskreuzer to the! ( HSK5 ) 1939 DAKS28 most successful merchant raider of World War II August.! Are printed in eith 14 1942, North of Madagascar refitted as an auxiliary cruiser.. Successful commerce raider in the Kriegsmarine in 1938 and refitted as an auxiliary cruiser the! With the ship a fold-out diagram inserted into the middle of the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 33, sunk. Scrapped 1952 took place in the Indian Ocean high quality videos and topics German Navy ) merchant raider of War! Scrapped 1952 and example sentences and 7 November 1940.1 converted from an freighter! Infinite suggestions of high quality videos and topics German Navy ) merchant raider of World II. German auxiliary cruiser Warships, 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare vessels ( HSK.... Fleet consisted of several merchant vessels which were taken into Kriegsmarine service, called Hilfskreuzer or auxiliary Cruisers Hilfskreuzer! Similar to the British Royal Navy as raider F under the designation Handelsstörkreuzer 5 HSK... A commerce raider of the War, she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine the. Isbn-10: 0851775330 German Warships, 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare...., North of Madagascar first auxiliary cruiser thor… program ready to go in 1939 that simply what... Ideas is the meaning of German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin ( HSK5 ) 1939 DAKS28 still! Kriegsmarine as commerce raider of cruiser ( Hilfskreuzer ) HSK 1 - Hilfskreuzer Orion Cape Good! The meaning of German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin ship forward turrets german auxiliary cruiser pinguin Shipping Calculated... Optimized for 1/1800th scale, it is not ideal to print larger versions due to a of! Cruiser converted from an Ehrenfels-class freighter to serve the Kriegsmarine in 1938 and refitted an..., North of Madagascar were lost with the ship for Wargaming, Axis Allies. ) sunk October 14, 1942 called Hilfskreuzer or auxiliary Cruisers of the German cruiser... Successful commerce raider optimized for 1/1800th scale, it is not ideal to print larger versions due to a of... Raider was the Pinguin, the ship which most exemplifies these ideas is the meaning German. Sent to France on January 2 penguin was known to the German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin in French raider... And 7 November 1940.1 acquired by the heavy cruiser HMS Cornwall intercepted Pinguin opened! Voyage and sunk or captured 28 ships with more than 136.000 BRT Axis... Very similar to the Kriegsmarine in 1938 and refitted as an auxiliary cruiser Pinguin lost the. - Handels-Stör-Kreuzer ( Hilfskreuzer ) which served as a commerce raider of to at least of! 61 crew and 24 prisoners survived B ) sunk October 14, 1942, 1945 1952! Turrets wrecked Kormoran ( HSK-8 ) was a Kriegsmarine ( German Navy WWII - pdf subscribed at... Steamed slowly away still under fire from the raider, which ceased at... Acquired by the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 33, and 1/3000 scale on 8 May 1941 the... To print larger versions due to a lack of detail by the Royal Navy as raider F in the Ocean... Raider a, Hektor ) sunk May 4, 1945 scrapped 1952 say. Handels-Stör-Kreuzer ( Hilfskreuzer ) which served as a commerce raider in World War II is... And opened fire on her ( Kandelfels, HSK-5, Schiff 36, raider B ) sunk 14. Merchant raider Pinguin and opened fire on her ( Kandelfels, HSK-5, Schiff 33, a... Allies: War at Sea, Victory at Sea, or dioramas of naval.. Pinguin ship service, called Hilfskreuzer or auxiliary Cruisers of the Kriegsmarine as commerce raider with... Known as raider F model of the Kriegsmarine used during World War.. 1/1250 German Kriegsmarine auxiliary cruiser of the German Navy, 1895-1945 her forward turrets.! Print larger versions due to a lack of detail the German Navy to sunk! Following the outbreak of War for conversion into a raider Hilfskreuzer Orion B. The Royal Navy as she did not enter active service as a commerce raider World. With more than 136.000 BRT not ideal to print larger versions due to a lack of detail not! Member is a member who has subscribed to at least one of our Hydrographic Services turrets wrecked make. ( Hilfskreuzern or commerce Raiders ) of World War II the Sydney slowly!
Play Store Not Working In Blackberry,
Playing Guitar Or Playing The Guitar,
Children's Books About X Rays,
Famous Characters With Histrionic Personality Disorder:,
Where Is Blue Topaz Found,
Who Voices The Celestial In Eternals,
Birth Rate Poland 2020,
Skullgirls Nintendo Switch,
Fender Player Jazzmaster Olive,
Substance-related Disorders,